Thursday, February 8, 2007

Chapter 18 --> Rizal’s Contemporaties

Chapter 18
RIZAL’S CONTEMPORARIES

by: Jeson Rejuso and Jinky Ambi


Marcelo H. Del Pilar
- Born in 1850, in Kupang, Bulacan. The greatest propagandist of his time.
- Produced several pieces of biting prose under pseudonyms like:
- Dolores Manapat
- L.O Crame
- Plaridel
- Piping Dilat
- Carmelo
- Oct.22, 1888, he left for spain and joined a group of Filipino intellectuals who were then publishing La Solidaridad.
- For six years, he devoted his time and energy to the publication of La Solidaridad.
- He was able to write about one hundred and fifty essays and sixty –six editorials.

La Solidaridad
- Not merely served as a revolutionary paper, but also as a medium for education and reform.
- Became the significant organ of the propagandists who, for reasons of security had to use pseudonyms:
- Jose Rizal - “Laong-laan” and “Dimasalang”
- Jose Maria Panganiban - “Jomapa”
- Mariano Ponce - “Naning” “Tikbalang” and “Kalipulako”
- Dominador Franco - “Ramiro Franco”
- Antonio Luna - “Taga-ilog”
- Clemente J. Zulueta - “Juan tattoo”

Graciano Lopez-Jaena
- The founder and first editor of La Solidaridad, a filpino of advance ideas.
- Born in 1856 in Jaro, Iloilo. He was considered an oratorical genius.
- 1884, he went for Spain. Abroad, he wrote and delivered orations for twelve years.
- Jose Rizal said that Lopez-Jaena “is what one call a great leader-tenacious, constant, and active in everything he undertakes. His greatest love are politics and literature.”
- Jan.22, 1896, at the age of 40. Lopez-Jaena was buried in an unmarked grave in a public cementary in Barcelona;he was a victim of tuberculosis.
- 1951, Don Jaime C. de Veyra, gatheredall the known works and speeches of Lopez-Jaena.

Antonio Luna y Novicio
- First came into prominence as a prolific contributor to La Solidaridad.
- was made a commander-in-chief of the Filipino, and he died in 1899.
- One Spanish writer declared that Luna was somewhat malicious, for he always tried to make Spain and her representatives look ridiculous and pretty.
- Noche Buena, written to amuse the people of Madrid, is a lovely story of Christmas in the Philippines.
- UnBeso en Filipinas,is a story describing courtship in the Philippines.
- Baelis de Mascaras, is frankly satirical. It exposes the hypocrisy of the poor Spanish, plying the role of a rich aristocrat. In this story, the author succeeded in capturing some of the cleverness of Voltaire.
- La Maestra de Mi Pueblo,is a story of a school teacher.
- Impresiones Madrileños, is a charming account of the writer’s own travel.

Mariano Ponce
- Literary editor of La Solidaridad.
- Filipinos Celebes, he gave separate biographical account of Jose Panganiban, Juan Luna and Antonio Luna.
- His work
- Una Excursion, a traveloque on Spain
- El Folklore Bulakeño (Folklore of Bulacan)
- Ang Pagpugot Kay Longhino, (The Beheading of Longinus)
- Cartas Sobre la Revolucion

Jose Panganiban
- A native of camarines Sur.
- 1889He went to Spain to study medicine.
- Died in August, 1890, also died in tuberculosis.
- His poems
- ”Noches de Mambulao”
- ”Bahia de mambulao”
- ”A Nuestro Obrero”
- ”Ang Lupang tinubuan”
- ”Sa Aking Buhay”
- His stories
- ”Clarita Perez”
- ”Kading”

Fernando Canon
- A close friend of rizal, failed to cultivate his talent.
- His two short poems
- ”Flor Ideal”
- ”Rizal, the Artist”.



Sunday, February 4, 2007

Chapter 9 --> Transition: Folk Songs

Chapter 9
Transition: Folk Songs
by Gerard Noel A. Quezon

1572-1898
- influence of Spanish modes and manners
- inevitable modification of Filipino folk ways
- literature began to mirror of reflect the new aspects and forms of Filipino life
- folk songs manage to retain the native sense of values, including its oriental characteristics and riddle forms
- simple in subject matter
- in verse form
- no lyrical quality

Folk songs - a song of popular or traditional origin or style
- spontaneous and informal expression of the peoples nature

Filipino folk songs - sentimental and happy, but slightly fatalistic
- filled with gaiety and mirth. In Filipinos world there is no abject poverty
- sentimental of the past
- a change of circumstance in life cannot alter Filipinos fundamental care free character

Kind of Folk Songs

Folk songs inspired by nature
- inspired by the reactions of the people to his environment
- interest in various aspects of the natural environment
- color, song, and habit of birds have found musical poetical expression
Example: “The Butterfly and the Worm”

Folk songs inspired by their work
- found inspiration, solace, and satisfaction in his day-to-day activities
- work are done cheerfully
Example: “The Seed”
- humble ‘tao’, has little concern for the rest of the world
Example: “Bahay Kubo”
- gives him courage and strength
Example: “Fisherman’s Song” “High Ho, Boatsong”
- songs sung to relieve the hardships of labor
Example: “I Am Añgie” “Tuba Gatherer’s Song”

Folk songs inspired by love, courtship, and marriage
- Filipinos are great lovers of beauty in women
Example: “Camia Flower” “Young Maidens Are Like Flowers” “Hilo de Oro”
- most poetic and have an ardent lyrics
- virtue and clean living are religiously emphasized in bridal songs
- purity is held in high esteem
Example: “Mangmang na Babae’t Salawahang Lalaki” “Paalam sa Pagkadalaga”

Forms of Folk Songs

Love songs --> poem set to music expressing love
- Filipinos has his own way of expressing himself
- courtship has developed its own idiom
- love is expressed indirectly
- exaggeration of ones woes and determination in overcoming obstacles in pursuit of his loved one
- love in association to remarkable events
Example: “Tagala Sereneta”

Serenades --> a piece of music sung at night by a lover under his lady’s window
- Visayas and Luzons serenade are dramatic
- has appeared early and achieved great popularity
- some songs are sentimental, the music is sad, touching and plaintive
Examples: balitaw, kundiman. tapat

Comic song --> poem set to music in the style of comedy
- Filipino sense of humor is simple
- singers are evidently clear headed, recognizing human frailty, were nevertheless tolerant to see humor in pretension and false pride
Example: “O Kaka, O Kaka”

Lullabies --> a soothing song
- lovely and graceful
- are usually sung to quite restless children
Example: “Oh, Santo Tomas Mapalarka” “Pagurin Manok”

Filipino folk song writers prove that even during the years of political and cultural deterioration the Muse had not deserted them. Though unknown and unhonored, they continued to sing in refined forms